Trastornos somatomorfos y rasgos de personalidad en pacientes hospitalizados por lumbalgia crónica en El Salvador / Somatoform Disorders and Personality Traits in Hospitalized Patients with Chronic Back Pain in El Salvador

Introducción. El trastorno somatomorfo se caracteriza por la presentación de múltiples síntomas físicos que no pueden ser atribuidos a otra enfermedad física, mental o al uso de sustancias, teniendo como comorbilidad más prevalente a los trastornos de personalidad. Objetivo. Determinar la frecuencia de trastorno somatomorfo, sus características principales y diferentes rasgos de personalidad entre pacientes con lumbalgia crónica. Metodología. Estudio descriptivo transversal realizado con pacientes ingresados en el servicio de neurocirugía del Hospital General del Instituto Salvadoreño del Seguro Social. La recolección de datos se realizó a través de la escala Screening for Somatoform Symptoms 2 y la escala InternationalPersonality Disorder Examination. Las variables cualitativas fueron analizadas a través de frecuencias absolutas. Las variables cuantitativas fueron analizadas a través de medidas de tendencia central y de dispersión. Los análisis estadísticos fueron realizados en el programa Statistical Package for the Social Sicience, versión 26. Resultados. Se incluyeron 60 pacientes, 40 de ellos mujeres, 31 entre los 41 y 60 años. Veintiocho pacientes presentaron ocho o más síntomas, excluyéndose dolor lumbar. Cuarenta y cinco pacientes reportaron sintomatología por más de un año. Cincuenta y tres pacientes presentaron trastorno somatomorfo. Los trastornos de personalidad más frecuentes fueron obsesivo-compulsivos (31), límites (21) y paranoides (21). Conclusión. Los pacientes con dolor lumbar crónico que requieren ingreso hospitalario presentan una alta frecuencia de trastornos somatomorfos, con dolor en piernas o brazos como síntoma principal; además, estos pacientes se caracterizan por presentar en su mayoría rasgos de personalidad obsesivo-compulsivos.

Introduction. The somatoform symptoms disorder is characterized by multiple psychical symptoms that can't be attributed to another physical or mental health diagnosis or drug abuse, having personality disorders as the most common comorbidity. Objective. To determine the frequency of somatoform disorders, it's most important characteristics and different personality traits among patients with chronic back pain. Methodology. Cross-sectional descriptive study carried out with patients admitted to the neurosurgery department of the General Hospital of the Salvadoran Social Security Institute. Data collection was carried out using the Screening for Somatoform Symptoms 2 scale and the International Personality Disorder Examination scale. The qualitative variables were analyzed through absolute frequencies. The quantitative variables were analyzed through measures of central tendency and dispersion. The statistical analyzes were carried out using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 26. Results. The study included 60 patients, 40 of them women, 31 between 41 and 60 years old. Twenty-eight patients presented eight or more symptoms, excluding low back pain. Forty-five patients reported symptoms for more than one year. Fifty-three patients presented somatoform disorder. The most frequent personality disorders were obsessive-compulsive (31), borderline (21) and paranoid (21). Conclusion. Patients with chronic lower back pain who require hospital admission have a high frequency of somatoform disorders, with the main symptom being pain in the legs or arms; furthermore, these patients are characterized by mostly presenting obsessive-compulsive personality traits

Una versión reducida y modificada del Inventario de Personalidad para el DSM-5 (PID-5) en la Argentina / A reduced and modified version of the Personality Inventory for the DSM-5 (PID-5) in Argentina

Resumen El modelo dimensional alternativo para los trastornos de personalidad incluye 25 facetas (rasgos patológicos) organizadas en cinco dominios de orden superior (Desapego, Afectividad Negativa, Psicoticismo, Antagonismo y Desinhibición). Para evaluar este modelo, se desarrolló el Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5), que posee dos versiones: una extensa (220 ítems) que evalúa dominios y facetas, y una breve (25 ítems) que evalúa solo los dominios. En un trabajo anterior, se brindó evidencia favorable para una versión breve (31 ítems) adaptada para ser utilizada en población argentina. En el presente trabajo se estudian las propiedades psicométricas de una versión reducida y modificada del PID-5 que permite evaluar ambos componentes por medio de una cantidad de ítems (108). La validez convergente se evaluó a través de la relación con una medida de rasgos de personalidad normal del Modelo de los Cinco Grandes Factores. Se trabajó con una muestra de tipo no probabilística de n = 525 sujetos de población general, que respondieron la versión adaptada del PID-5 y el Listado de Adjetivos para Evaluar la Personalidad. Los resultados brindaron evidencia de validez y confiabilidad para el instrumento. El Análisis Factorial Exploratorio y Confirmatorio sugirió un buen ajuste de la estructura pentafactorial. La consistencia interna resultó adecuada y los ítems presentaron buenos índices de discriminación. Se observaron diferencias de género y edad, y correlaciones con los factores correspondientes de los cinco grandes. Esta versión puede ser utilizada para evaluar el modelo, con fines tanto clínicos como de investigación, y con ventajas respecto al tiempo de administración respecto a la versión extensa original.

Abstract The official classification of personality disorders in the latest edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) remains categorical. However, a dimensional alternative for personality disorders is presented as an emerging model. The model is organized in five higher order domains (Negative Affectivity, Detachment, Antagonism, Disinhibition and Psychoticism), with relationships with the Big Five Model of Personality, strongly established within the Personality Psychology. The proposal also includes 25 facets or second-order traits, included within the main domains. Domains and facets represent psychopathological traits with clinical relevance. To assess this model, the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) was developed. PID-5 has two forms: extensive (220 items) that assesses domains and facets, and brief (25 items) that assesses only the domains. In a previous study, evidence for a short version (31 items) adapted to the Argentine population was provided, that overcomes some of the limitations of the original one. In this work, the psychometric properties of a reduced and modified version of the PID-5 are studied, which allows evaluating five domains and 25 facets, through a reduced number of items (108). We worked with a non-probabilistic sample of n = 525 subjects from the general population, who answered the adapted version of the PID-5 and the Adjectives Checklist to Assess the Big Five Personality Factors (AEP), a Big Five Model measure. The following data analyses were performed: (1) Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis to evaluate the internal structure of PID-5; (2) reliability analysis to assess the internal consistency of the PID-5 scales; (3) item analysis to assess discriminating power; (4) multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) to examine significant differences due to gender and age; and (5) bivariate correlation analysis to analyze PID-5 convergent validity. The results provided evidence of validity and reliability. Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis suggested a five-factor structure. The facets presented factor loadings in the domain theoretically expected, with some exceptions: Suspiciousness (loaded in Psychoticism), Hostility (loaded in Disinhibition), Depressivity (loaded in Detachment) and Insensitivity (loaded in Detachment). CFA also suggested a good model fit (CFI = .98; RMSEA = .04; SRMR = 0.083). Psychoticism, Detachment, and Disinhibition facets had their higher factor loadings in the expected domain. Negative affectivity showed higher correlations with the rest of the scales. Internal consistency was satisfactory, especially at the domain level, and the items had good discrimination indices. Correlations with the corresponding of the Big Five factors were observed, similar to previous studies. The five PID-5 domains were also found positively correlated. Additionally, gender and age differences were found. In line with previous literature, results suggest that some facets scales are "pure" markers of these domains (e. g., Psychoticism and Antagonism facets), whereas others (e. g., Negative Affectivity facets such as Depressiveness, Suspicion, Hostility), are located "in between" domains since they share features of more than one domain. Psychoticism facets presented higher loadings in their domains and lower in the rest. This is not surprising; although most of psychopathology cannot be understood as categories, schizophyte and Schizotypal Personality Disorder are exceptions, and Psychoticism would be the representation of these categories in the APA model. Findings also provide evidence of convergent validity for the instrument, as well as theorical evidence regarding the relationship between normal and pathological personality traits. This version can be used to evaluate the model, both in research and clinical practice. It has advantages over the original longer version, in terms of administration time and participants' fatigue, while maintaining its psychometric properties. The results are also expected to contribute to the recent literature on the dimensional approach to personality psychopathology. However, complementary studies, particularly with a clinical population, are needed.

Teaching differential diagnosis with Anakin Skywalker: the duel between borderline personality disorder and bipolar disorder / Ensinando diagnóstico diferencial com Anakin Skywalker: o duelo entre transtorno da personalidade borderline e transtorno bipolar

Objective: Previous publications have focused on a leading pop culture phenomenon, Star Wars, to teach several issues in psychiatry, which can make understanding challenging themes easier. This article delves into matters of differential diagnoses regarding two psychiatric disorders. Methods: We examine and compare the symptoms and specificities of borderline personality disorder and bipolar disorder in the light of the fictional villain of the films, Darth Vader/Anakin Skywalker. Results and Conclusion: Our considerations of his diagnosis should be interpreted as an academic exercise with two main goals: to discuss the differential diagnosis between borderline personality disorder and bipolar disorder in an illustrative, soft, and ludic way; and to teach how to connect one's behaviors with diagnostic criteria - in this case, those related to borderline personality disorder.

Objetivo: Publicações de outrora utilizaram um dos principais fenômenos da cultura pop, Star Wars, para ensinar diversas questões sobre psiquiatria, demonstrando que usar os filmes da série para ensinar tais assuntos pode facilitar a compreensão de temas desafiadores. O objetivo deste artigo é aprofundar as questões do diagnóstico diferencial de dois transtornos psiquiátricos. Métodos: Nós examinamos e comparamos as especificidades do transtorno de personalidade borderline e transtorno bipolar à luz do personagem fictício dos filmes Star Wars, o vilão Darth Vader/Anakin Skywalker. Resultados e Conclusão: As considerações sobre o diagnóstico de Darth Vader devem ser interpretadas como um exercício acadêmico com dois objetivos principais: discutir o diagnóstico diferencial entre transtorno de personalidade borderline e transtorno bipolar de forma ilustrativa, suave e lúdica; e ensinar como relacionar os comportamentos com critérios diagnósticos, neste caso, especificamente relacionados ao transtorno de personalidade borderline.

Parasitismo social, la dependencia social patológica, una forma de expresión de la patología disocial / Social Parasitism, pathological social dependence, a form of expression of dissocial pathology

El presente artículo procura establecer que el denominado Parasitismo Social corresponde a una conducta disocial, lo cual es el resultado de fenómenos temperamentales con implicancias biopsicosociales, y hace referencia a pacientes que presentan una forma de vida pasiva, explotadora y crónica a expensas de otros. Basados en el Modelo de la Psicoterapia Focalizada en la Transferencia (TFP), analizaremos cómo esta manifestación clínica refleja una patología grave del superyó y corresponde a conductas del espectro disocial, pues implica una forma de conducta crónica de explotación e irresponsabilidad significativa en relaciones interpersonales, caracterizado por una Pobreza del Investimento Objetal. Nos proponemos propiciar la búsqueda y evaluación dirigida de todo el espectro disocial de manera de promover su evaluación, diagnóstico, registro, considerar su pronóstico y plantear objetivos a corto y largo plazo cuando sean posibles. Esto podría impedir, disminuir o por lo menos advertir sobre los eventuales daños, no solo a los pacientes sino a sus familiares y personas o instituciones implicadas.

This article seeks to establish that the so-called Social Parasitism corresponds to a dissocial behavior, which is the result of temperamental phenomena with biopsychosocial implications and refers to patients who present a passive, exploitative, and chronic way of life at the expense of others. Based on the Transferred Focused Psychotherapy Model (TFP), we will analyze how this clinical manifestation reflects a severe pathology of the superego and corresponds to behaviors of the dissocial spectrum since it implies a form of chronic behavior of exploitation and significant irresponsibility in interpersonal relationships, characterized by the Poorness of the Objectal Investment. We propose to encourage the search and directed evaluation of the whole dissocial spectrum in a way to promote its evaluation, diagnostic, registration, consider its prognosis and establish short- and long-term objectives when possible. This could prevent, decrease, or at least warn about the eventual damages, not only to the patients but to their families and the people or institutions involved.

Evaluación de los trastornos de personalidad. Una revisión sistemática

RESUMEN Fundamento En el contexto de la evaluación de los trastornos de personalidad, resulta relevante el empleo adecuado de cada uno de los instrumentos existentes para realizarla. De este modo, es necesario el conocimiento a cabalidad de las propiedades psicométricas de estos. Objetivo describir estudios que evalúan los trastornos de personalidad mediante el empleo de instrumentos. Métodos: se realizó una revisión sistemática, a través de la Declaración PRISMA, en las bases de datos Cochrane, PubMed, Scielo, EBSCO, y PsycInfo, en el período octubre-diciembre de 2019. Un total de 183 artículos fueron considerados elegibles. Luego de aplicados los criterios de selección, conformaron la muestra 12 artículos. Resultados el Inventario Clínico Dimensional de Personalidad fue el más utilizado, el cual se encontró en las tres modalidades de artículos incluidos; especialmente en estudios de adaptación y validación de instrumentos de evaluación de los trastornos de personalidad (también en su versión 2); así como el Personality Inventory for DSM-5. Conclusión La revisión desarrollada se caracterizó por su heterogeneidad, y evidenció la falta de consenso en la comunidad científica, acerca cuáles instrumentos son los más idóneos para la valoración de los trastornos de personalidad en la actualidad.

ABSTRACT Background In the personality disorders evaluation context, the proper use of each of the existing instruments to carry it out is relevant. Thus, full knowledge of the psychometric properties is necessary. Objective to describe studies that evaluates personality disorders through the use of instruments. Methods: a systematic review was carried out, through the PRISMA Statement, in the Cochrane, PubMed, Scielo, EBSCO, and PsycInfo databases, from October to December 2019. A total of 183 articles were considered eligible. After applying the selection criteria, the sample comprised 12 articles. Results the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory was the most used, which was found in the three types of articles included; mainly in studies of adaptation and validation of assessment instruments for personality disorders (also in version 2); as well as the Personality Inventory for DSM-5. Conclusion The developed review was characterized by its heterogeneity, and evidenced the lack of consensus in the scientific community, about which instruments are the most suitable for the assessment of personality disorders today.

Avances en el estudio de la continuidad del neuroticismo y su variante desadaptativa: aplicación de la teoría de respuesta al ítem / Advances in the Study of the Continuity of Neuroticism and its Maladaptive Variant: Application of the Item Response Theory

Resumen El Neuroticismo (N), a pesar de ser un rasgo de personalidad normal, se vincula con el padecimiento de diversas psicopatologias. Se estudió la continuidad entre el N y su variante desadaptativa, la Afectividad Negativa (AN), aplicando un modelo de la Teoría de Respuesta al Ítem (TRI) a dos escalas que miden estos constructos. Participaron 619 personas de población general (64.3 % mujeres), quienes respondieron un protocolo que incluyó 20 ítems de N del International Personality Item Pool (IPIP-NEO) y 23 ítems de AN del Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5). Inicialmenete se realizó una depuración progresiva de los ítems de N y AN a partir de criterios psicométricos del Modelo de Respuesta Graduada. Luego se calibraron conjuntamente los 22 ítems retenidos aunque se eliminaron 6 ítems por mostrar dependencia local y problemas de ajuste. Se aportaron evidencias de la continuidad postulada entre N y AN. Sin embargo, se encontró un marcado solapamiento en la localización de los ítems procedentes de ambas escalas en el continuo del rasgo que conforman N y AN.

Abstract Neuroticism (N), despite being a normal personality trait, is linked to various psychopathologies. The continuity between N and its maladaptive variant, Negative Affectivity (NA), was studied by applying a model of the Item Response Theory (IRT) to two scales that measure these constructs. A total of 619 participants from the general population (64.3% women) answered a protocol that included 20 items of N from the International Personality Item Pool (IPIP-NEO) and 23 items of NA from the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5). First, progressive refinement of the N and NA items was carried out based on psychometric criteria from the Graded Response Model. Then, the 22 items retained were calibrated together, although 6 items were eliminated for showing local dependence and adjustment problems. Evidence of the postulated continuity between N and NA was provided. However, a marked overlap was found in the location of the items from both scales in the trait continuum formed by N and AN.

Histórico de maus-tratos infantis e funcionamento da personalidade de mulheres vítimas de violência por parceiro íntimo / Childhood maltreatment history and level of personality functioning of women victims of violence by intimate partner

Estudos indicam que mulheres que sofreram violência na infância e têm um funcionamento patológico da personalidade correm maior risco de sofrer violência por parceiros íntimo (VPI). A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo investigar o quanto as experiências de maus-tratos infantis e de funcionamento patológico da personalidade, separadamente e em conjunto, predizem o nível de VPI em uma amostra de mulheres adultas brasileiras. Participaram do estudo um total de 330 mulheres (idade: M = 31,2, SD = 9,45) que responderam aos seguintes instrumentos: World Health Organization Violence Against Women (WHO VAW), Questionário sobre Comportamentos de Controle (QCC), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) e o Personality Functioning Inventory for DSM-5 (PFID-5). Os resultados mostraram que 24,2% das participantes reportaram sofrer VPI atual e 48,2% reportaram ter sofrido VPI de ex-parceiros. Além disso, não foram observadas associações entre VPI (WHO VAW e QCC) e variáveis sociodemográficas. Em relação às experiências de maus-trados na infância e ao funcionamento patológico da personalidade, os resultados não confirmaram as relações descritas na literatura. Essas variáveis predizeram apenas 7% da variabilidade da VPI. Com base nesses resultados, entende-se que a VPI não está associada a variáveis individuais da mulher, como ser pobre ou rica, ter ou não histórico de maus-tratos infantil ou mesmo ter um funcionamento saudável ou patológico da personalidade. Ainda, as associações entre VPI e variáveis internas das mulheres que tiveram tamanhos de efeito mínimos, sugeriram que a VPI tende a ocorrer independente das características da mulher.(AU)

Studies indicate that women who have experienced violence in childhood and have pathological personality functioning are at greater risk of experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV). This research aimed to investigate the extent to which experiences of childhood abuse and pathological personality functioning, separately and together, predict the level of IPV in a sample of adult Brazilian women. The study included 330 women (age: M = 31.2, SD = 9.45) who answered the following instruments: World Health Organization Violence Against Women (WHO VAW), Controlling Behaviors Questionnaire (CBQ), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and the Personality Functioning Inventory for DSM-5 (PFID-5). The results showed that 24.2% of the participants reported experiencing current IPV, and 48.2% reported having suffered IPV from former partners. Furthermore, no associations were observed between IPV (WHO VAW and CBQ) and sociodemographic variables. Regarding childhood maltreatment experiences and pathological personality functioning, the results did not confirm the relationships described in the literature. These variables predicted only 7% of the VPI variability. Based on these results, it is understood that IPV is not associated with individual variables of the woman, such as being poor or rich, having or not having a history of childhood maltreatment, or even having a healthy or pathological personality functioning. Furthermore, the associations between IPV and womens internal variables that were statistically significant had a tiny effect size, indicating that IPV tends to occur regardless of the womans characteristics.(AU)

Los estudios indican que las mujeres que han experimentado violencia en la infancia y tienen un funcionamiento patológico de la personalidad corren un mayor riesgo de experimentar violencia de pareja íntima (VPI). Este estúdio tuvo como objetivo investigar en qué medida las experiencias de abuso infantil y el funcionamiento patológico de la personalidad, por separado y en conjunto, predicen el nivel de VPI en una muestra de mujeres adultas brasileñas. El estudio incluyó a 330 mujeres (edad: M = 31.2, DE = 9.45) que respondieron los siguientes instrumentos: World Health Organization Violence Against Women (WHO VAW), Cuestionario de Conductas Controladoras (CCC), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) y Personality Functioning Inventory for DSM-5 (PFID-5). Los resultados mostraron que el 24,2% de las participantes informaron haber experimentado VPI actual y el 48,2% informaron haber sufrido VPI de exparejas. Además, no se observaron asociaciones entre VPI (WHO VAW y CCC) y variables sociodemográficas. En cuanto a las experiencias de maltrato infantil y el funcionamiento patológico de la personalidad, los resultados no confirmaron las relaciones descritas en la literatura. Estas variables predijeron solo el 7% de la variabilidad del VPI. Con base en estos resultados, se entiende que la VPI no está asociada con variables individuales de la mujer, como ser pobre o rica, tener o no antecedentes de maltrato infantil, o incluso tener un funcionamiento de personalidad sano o patológico. Además, las asociaciones entre VPI y las variables internas de las mujeres que fueron estadísticamente significativas tuvieron un tamaño de efecto pequeño, lo que indica que la VPI tiende a ocurrir independientemente de las características de la mujer.(AU)

Verification of the Internal Structure of the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory 2 in a Brazilian Community Sample / Verificación de la Estructura Interna del Inventario Dimensional Clínico de Personalidad 2 en una Muestra de la Población Brasileña

Abstract The internal structure is investigated in mental health measures, exploring or confirming the association of stimuli composing the test and whether this structure is consistent with expectation. Our focus is on the internal structure of the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory 2 (1DCP-2), a self-report test for pathological traits measurement. Previous studies have only partially verified the internal structure of IDCP-2. The objective of this study is to verify the internal structure of IDCP-2, contemplating in the same analysis all its dimensions and factors. Participants were 2,000 people from the general population. We conducted confirmatory (CFA) and exploratory (EFA) factorial analyzes, including bifac-tor models. The results showed the bifactor model with 12 specific factors with best fit indices. The internal consistency for the general factor was above .90, and from .40 to .91 for the specific factors. Findings suggested the original solution of IDCP-2 is reasonable using a bifactor model.

Resumen La estructura interna se investiga en medidas de salud mental, explorando o confirmando la asociación de estímulos que componen la prueba, y si esta estructura es consistente con las expectativas. Nuestro enfoque está en la estructura interna del Inventario Dimensional Clínico de Personalidad 2 (IDCP-2), una prueba de autoinforme para la medición de rasgos patológicos. Estudios anteriores solo han verificado parcialmente la estructura interna de IDCP-2. El objetivo de este estudio es verificar la estructura interna del IDCP-2, contemplando en el mismo análisis todas sus dimensiones y factores. Los participantes fueron 200 personas de la población general. Realizamos análisis factoriales confirmatorios (CFA) y exploratorios (EFA), incluidos modelos bifactoriales. Los resultados mostraron el modelo bifactor con 12 factores específicos con los mejores índices de ajuste. La consistencia interna para el factor general fue superior a .90, y de .40 a .91 para los factores específicos. Los resultados sugieren que la solución original de IDCP-2 es razonable utilizando un modelo bifactor.

Relación entre trastornos de personalidad y abuso de drogas en pacientes del Hospital Santa Rosita / Relationship between personality disorders and drug abuse in the Hospital Santa Rosita patients

INTRODUCCIÓN: los trastornos de personalidad corresponden a un eje específico del diagnóstico multiaxial mental de una persona, representando patrones distorsionados del pensamiento y comportamiento, estos guardan una comorbilidad bastante amplia con otros trastornos mentales y enfermedades. Las drogas son agentes que modifican el funcionamiento de los órganos con los que interaccionan, uno de ellos es el cerebro. OBJETIVO: establecer la relación entre los trastornos de personalidad y abuso de drogas en pacientes ingresados en Salas Agudas del Hospital Psiquiátrico Santa Rosita en Honduras. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, con selección aleatoria de los expedientes médicos de los pacientes ingresados por consumo nocivo de drogas, con una muestra significativa de los expedientes de pacientes que fueron diagnosticados concomitantemente con un trastorno de la personalidad por parte del servicio de psiquiatría según criterios de la Clasificación Internacional de las Enfermedades CIE-10, durante su estadía en la sala, se les aplicó un instrumento específico para la recolección de datos y su posterior análisis utilizando el programa estadístico Epi Info 7 buscando responder la frecuencia de los trastornos de personalidad en pacientes con abuso de drogas. RESULTADOS: los pacientes atendidos por abuso de una determinada droga sea lícita o ilícita, presentaron trastornos de personalidad con una frecuencia de 41%, en caso de ser más de una droga aumento a 49% basándose en la Clasificación Internacional de las Enfermedades. CONCLUSIÓN: los trastornos de personalidad más frecuentes que se asocian al abuso de una droga fueron en orden descendente: el trastorno de la personalidad Asocial, Limítrofe y Trastorno Mixto de la Personalidad; sin embargo en el abuso concomitante de varias drogas al momento del ingreso, presentaron: trastorno de la personalidad Histriónico, Esquizoide, Paranoide y otros trastornos específicos.(AU)

INTRODUCTION: personality disorders correspond to a specific axis in the multiaxial mental diagnosis of a person, they represent distorted patterns in thinking and behavior, these disorders have a wide comorbidity with other mental disorders and diseases. Drugs are agents that modify the function of the organs which they interact with, the brain is one of them. OBJECTIVES: establish the relationship between personality disorders and drug abuse on the intern patients in acute rooms of the Santa Rosita Psychiatric Hospital, Honduras. MATERIALS AND METHODS: descriptive, retrospective study, realised after having a random selection of the medical expedients of patients that entered because of drug abuse, with a significant sample from the patients medical records that had been also diagnosed with personality disorders by the Psychiatry service following the International Classification of Diseases ICD-10 criteria while being in the hospital wards, this process followed by an application of a specific instrument to recollect detailed information and analysis using Epi Info 7 statistics program, looking to respond to the frequency of PD that coexists in patients with drug abuse. RESULTS: the patients attended by cause of an determined licit or ilicit drug abuse presented personality disorders in 41% of the population, in the case of abuse of more than one drug when admitted to the hospital it ascended to 49% following de International Classification of Diseases. CONCLUSIONS: The most frequent personality disorders associated to the abuse of one drug, in descending order were: asocial borderline and mixed personality disorders. Nevertheless in case of several drug abuse at the time of their medical admission were Histrionic, Schizoid, Paranoid and other specific personality disorders.

Psychometric properties of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) in brazilian samples / Propriedades psicométricas do Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) em amostras brasileiras / Propiedades psicométricas del Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) en muestras brasileñas

This study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) in Brazilian community and clinical samples. This research included 1,210 people, 554 of them with psychopathology indicators. The participants answered the PID-5 and the Self-Reporting Questionnaire, in addition to a sociodemographic and health data questionnaire that included the six items of the suicidality module of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. The results showed that the 25 facets of the PID-5 had adequate reliability coefficients and evidence of unidimensionality. The instrument's five-factor structure was replicated with high levels of congruence with the representative sample from North America. PID-5 scores were statistically different between clinical and community groups and were positively correlated with measures of suicide risk and psychopathological symptoms. This study presents the psychometric properties of PID-5 and its suitability for use in the Brazilian population (AU).

Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar as propriedades psicométricas do Inventário de Personalidade para o DSM-5 (PID-5) para amostras clínica e comunitária brasileiras. Esta pesquisa incluiu 1.210 pessoas, sendo 554 delas com indicadores de psicopatologia. Os participantes responderam ao PID-5 e ao Self-Reporting Questionnaire, além de um questionário sobre dados sociodemográfico e de saúde que incluía os seis itens do módulo de risco de suicídio Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Os resultados mostraram que as 25 facetas do PID-5 apresentaram coeficientes de confiabilidade adequados e evidências de unidimensionalidade. A estrutura de cinco fatores do instrumento foi replicada com altos níveis de congruência com a amostra representativa da América do Norte. Os escores PID-5 foram estatisticamente diferentes entre os grupos clínicos e comunitários e foram positivamente correlacionados com medidas de risco de suicídio e sintomas psicopatológicos. Este estudo apresenta as propriedades psicométricas do PID-5 e sua adequação para uso na população brasileira (AU).

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar las propiedades psicométricas del Inventario de Personalidad para el DSM-5 (PID-5) en muestras clínicas y comunitarias de Brasil. Esta investigación incluyó a 1.210 personas, 554 de ellas con indicadores de psicopatología. Los participantes respondieron al PID-5 y al Self-Reporting Questionnaire, además de un cuestionario de datos sociodemográficos y de salud que incluía los seis ítems del módulo de suicidio de la Mini Entrevista Neuropsiquiátrica Internacional. Los resultados mostraron que las 25 facetas del PID-5 presentaron coeficientes de confiabilidad adecuados y evidencias de unidimensionalidad. La estructura de cinco factores del instrumento se replicó con altos niveles de congruencia con la muestra representativa de Norteamérica. Las puntuaciones de PID-5 fueron estadísticamente diferentes entre los grupos clínicos y comunitarios, y se correlacionaron positivamente con las medidas de riesgo de suicidio y síntomas psicopatológicos. Este estudio presenta las propiedades psicométricas del PID-5 y su idoneidad para su uso en la población brasileña (AU).

Development of the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory Antisocial Personality Disorder Scale based on the HiTOP / Desenvolvimento da Escala Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial do Inventário Dimensional Clínico da Personalidade de acordo com o HiTOP / Desarrollo del Inventario Dimensional de Personalidad Clínica Escala de Trastornos de Personalidad Antisocial basada en HiTOP

We aimed to develop a version of the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory 2 (IDCP-2) according to the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) for the assessment of antisocial personality disorder traits (i.e., IDCP Antisocial Personality Disorder Scale; IDCP-ASPD), as well as verify its psychometric properties. We developed new factors to cover ASPD traits, and collect data with 206 adults from the community (Mage=31.3; 77.8% women). Participants completed the IDCP-ASPD, factors from IDCP-2, and Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5). Exploratory structural equation modeling (E-SEM) suggested a 3-factors solution, grouping the 14 factors composing the IDCP-ASPD. Reliability indicators were good. Correlations between IDCP-ASPD and external measures corroborated expectations. The bootstrap two-sample t-test comparing non-clinical and psychiatric groups suggested good discrimination capacity of the IDCP-ASPD. Favorable evidence was found for the usability of the developed scale for ASPD traits measurement, although future studies must replicate the findings in samples composed by ASPD patients.

Nosso objetivo foi desenvolver uma versão do Inventário Dimensional Clínico da Personalidade 2 (IDCP-2) com base no Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) para avaliar traços do transtorno da personalidade antisocial (i.e., IDCP escala Antissocial; IDCP-ASPD), e verificar suas propriedades psicométricas. Novos fatores foram desenvolvidos para cobrir traços do transtorno, e dados foram coletados com 206 adultos (Midade=31,3; 77,8% mulheres), que responderam: IDCP-ASPD, fatores do IDCP-2 e do Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5). A exploratory structural equating modeling (E-SEM) indicou três fatores, agrupando os 14 fatores que compõem o IDCP-ASPD. A precisão foi adequada. As correlações do IDCP-ASPD com as medidas externas corroboraram as expectativas. O bootstrap two-sample t-test sugeriu boa discriminação para os grupos não-clínico e psiquiátrico. Evidências favoráveis foram encontradas para uso do IDCP-ASPD, embora os achados precisem ser replicados em pacientes com transtorno da personalidade antissocial.

Nuestro objectivo fue desarollar una version del Inventário Dimensional Clínico da Personalidade 2 (IDCP-2) que se basó en Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) para evaluar rasgos del transtorno de personalidad antisocial (i.e., IDCP escala Antissocial; IDCP-ASPD), y verificar sus propriedades psicometricas. Nuevos factores fueran desarollados para nuevos rasgos del transtorno, y dados fueran coletados con 206 adultos (Midad=31,3; 77,8% mujeres), responderan: IDCP-ASPD, factores del IDCP-2 y del Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5). El exploratory structural equating modeling (E-SEM) indicó tres factores, agrupando los 14 factores que componem el IDCP-ASPD. La precisión fue adecuada. Las corelaciones del IDCP-ASPD com las medidas externas corroboraron las expectativas. O bootstrap two-sample t-test apuntó buena discriminación para los grupos no clínico y psiquiatríco. Encontramos evidencias favorables para el uso de IDCP-ASPD, aunque los hallazgos deben ser replicados en pacientes con trastorno de personalidad antisocial.

Cinema brasileiro e o ensino dos transtornos da personalidade / Brazilian cinema and the teaching of personality disorders

Resumo: Introdução: O uso de filmes comerciais em sala de aula é uma prática comum e acessível. A prática de exibição de filmes para o ensino é definida pelo termo cinemeducation. Objetivo: O presente estudo partiu da hipótese de que o cinemeducation, como metodologia ativa, poderia contribuir para o aprendizado dos transtornos da personalidade (TP) na graduação. Foram ministradas aulas presenciais para 213 estudantes de Medicina, Enfermagem, Psicologia, Fisioterapia e Fonoaudiologia, para avaliar o conhecimento desenvolvido sobre TP. Método: O estudo é transversal e quantitativo, composto por amostras pareadas e dependentes (antes e depois). As etapas foram: 1. aplicação de instrumento avaliativo em forma de questionário (antes); 2. aula composta por exibição de cenas de filmes brasileiros e reflexão e discussão sobre elas; 3. aplicação do mesmo questionário (depois); e 4. análise estatística comparativa entre os resultados. Resultados: O método se mostrou efetivo para o processo ensino-aprendizagem, havendo melhora autorreferida no conhecimento dos estudantes após a aula (questão 1) e melhora observável ao identificarem e conceituarem os TP (questão 3). Além disso, os estudantes referiram, em média, que a estratégia contribuía para a aprendizagem, antes da aula, e mantiveram em média essa opinião, depois (questão 2). Conclusões: Alcançou-se o objetivo proposto porque se utilizou amostra estatisticamente significativa de estudantes, e os resultados confirmaram que o método é efetivo para o ensino. Além disso, a discussão evidenciou que o uso dos filmes pode contribuir para o o aprendizado, condizendo com as características de estudantes da geração atual, uma vez que valoriza o uso de tecnologias em sala de aula e permite o aprendizado crítico-reflexivo e a participação ativa dos sujeitos. As limitações do estudo se referem à escassez de filmes brasileiros contemporâneos que exemplifiquem todos os TP, não havendo cenas representativas para TP esquizotípica, dependente e esquiva. Além disso, considera-se necessário estudo comparativo entre o método tradicional de ensino dos TP e o cinemeducation, de forma a investigar a eficácia deste quando comparado às aulas tradicionais.

Abstract: Introduction: The use of commercial films in the classroom is a common and accessible practice. The practice of showing films for teaching is defined by the term cinemeducation. Objective: The present study was based on the hypothesis that cinemeducation, as an active methodology, could contribute to the learning of Personality Disorders (PD) during undergraduate training. Face-to-face classes were given to 213 students of medicine, nursing, psychology, physiotherapy and speech therapy, to assess the knowledge developed about PD. Method: The study is cross-sectional and quantitative, composed of paired and dependent samples (before and after). The steps were: a) application of an assessment tool in the form of a questionnaire (before); b) class, consisting of exhibition, reflection and discussion of scenes from Brazilian films, c) application of the same questionnaire (after), and d) comparative statistical analysis between the results. Results: The results showed that the method is effective for the teaching-learning process, with self-reported improvement in students' knowledge after class (question 1), and an observable improvement when identifying and conceptualizing PD (question 3). Furthermore, students reported, on average, that the strategy contributed to learning, before class, and they maintained that opinion, on average, afterwards (question 2). Conclusions: The proposed objective was achieved by using a statistically significant sample of students and the results confirmed that the method is effective for teaching. The discussion showed that the use of films can improve learning, and it is consistent with the characteristics of students of the actual generation, since it values the use of technologies in the classroom, allowing critical-reflective teaching and the active student participation. The limitations of the study include the scarcity of contemporary Brazilian films that exemplify all PDs, with no representative scenes for schizotypical, dependent and avoidant PD. Furthermore, a comparative study between the traditional method of teaching PD and cinemeducation is considered necessary in order to investigate its effectiveness when compared to traditional classes.

Development and preliminary psychometric evaluation of the dimensional clinical personality inventory - Schizoid Personality Disorder Scale / Desenvolvimento e avaliação psicométrica preliminar do inventário dimensional clínico da personalidade - Escala transtorno da personalidade esquizoide / Desarrollo y evaluación psicométrica preliminar del inventario dimensional clínico de personalidad - Escala del trastorno esquizoide de la personalidad

A new dimensional-based framework was proposed, the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP). This study aimed to develop a specific version of the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory 2 (IDCP-2), focused on the assessment of the schizoid personality disorder (SZPD) according to the HiTOP. In stage 1, we developed a new factor to cover all SZPD traits, as presented in the HiTOP. Six factors (one new and five from the IDCP-2) composed the IDCP-SZPD. In stage 2, 434 adults from the community, aged from 18 to 67 years (M=31.6, SD=9.7), completed factors from three self-report measures: the IDCP-SZPD, PID-5, and FFaVA. The IDCP-SZPD factors and total score presented high reliability. Correlations and a bootstrap two-sample t-test comparison corroborated the expectations. Although we found evidence supporting the use of the IDCP-SZPD for the measurement of SZPD traits, further research is needed to verify the replicability of the present findings in samples composed of SZPD patients. (AU)

Um novo framework dimensional foi proposto, o Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP). O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver uma versão específica do Inventário Dimensional Clínico da Personalidade 2 (IDCP-2), com foco na avaliação do transtorno da personalidade esquizoide (TPE) de acordo com o HiTOP. No estágio 1, foi desenvolvido um novo fator, buscando cobrir todos os traços do TPE apresentados no HiTOP. Compuseram o IDCP-SZPD seis fatores (um novo e cinco do IDCP-2). No estágio 2, 434 adultos da população geral, com idade entre 18 e 67 anos (M = 31.6; DP = 9,7), completaram fatores de três medidas de autorrelato: IDCP-SZPD, PID-5 e FFaVA. Os fatores do IDCP-SZPD e o escore total apresentaram alta precisão. Correlações e comparações via bootstrap two-sample t teste corroboraram as expectativas. Embora evidências favoráveis tenham sido observadas para o uso do IDCP-SZPD, na avaliação de traços do TPE, estudos futuros devem verificar a replicabilidade dos achados em amostras de pacientes com TPE. (AU)

Un nuevo framework dimensional fue propuesto, el Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP). El objetivo fue el de desarrollar una versión específica del Inventario Dimensional Clínico de Personalidad 2 (IDCP-2), centrado en la evaluación del trastorno esquizoide de la personalidad (TPE) según el HiTOP. En la etapa 1 se desarrolló un nuevo factor para cubrir todos los rasgos del TPE presentados en el HiTOP. Seis factores (uno nuevo y cinco del IDCP-2) compusieron el IDCP-SZPD. En la etapa 2, 434 adultos de la comunidad, con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 67 años (M =31,6, DS=9,7), completaron los factores de tres medidas de auto-informe: IDCP-SZPD, PID-5 y FFaVA. Los factores del IDCP-SZPD y el puntaje total mostraron una alta confiabilidad. Las correlaciones y la comparación del bootstrap two-sample t test corroboraron las expectativas. Aunque se observaron evidencias favorables para el uso de la IDCP-SZPD para la medición de rasgos de TPE, los estudios posteriores deberían verificar la replicabilidad de los presentes hallazgos en muestras compuestas por pacientes con TPE. (AU)

Características y factores asociados a trastornos de la esfera mental en estudiantes de medicina de la costa, sierra y selva peruana / Characteristics and factors associated with disorders of the mental sphere in medical students of the coast, mountains and Peruvian jungle

Resumen Introducción: Los trastornos de la esfera mental son cada vez más frecuentes, estos deben ser medidos en los estudiantes que están sometidos a gran presión y según el lugar de influencia. Objetivos: Determinar las características y factores asociados a trastornos de la esfera mental en estudiantes de medicina de la costa, sierra y selva peruana. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio transversal analítico preliminar, a través de la aplicación del Inventario Clínico Multiaxial de Millon (MCMI-II), a 105 estudiantes, dicha encuesta midió los distintos trastornos de la esfera mental; a los cuales se les asoció con variables socio-educativas. Resultados: Grandes porcentajes de encuestados tuvieron compulsividad (29%) y narcisismo elevado (28%). En el análisis multivariado se encontró que las mujeres tuvieron menor frecuencia de trastorno esquizoide (p=0,027); conforme aumentó la edad también hubo mayor frecuencia de trastornos evitativo (p=0,049) y ansiedad (p= 0,043); a mayor año académico se encontró menor frecuencia de trastorno dilusional (p=0,010); los estudiantes de la universidad de la sierra tuvieron más narcisismo (p=0,011), compulsividad (p=0,018) y paranoide (p=0,041); los estudiantes de la universidad de la selva tuvieron más agresividad-sádica (p=0,021), narcisismo (p=0,020) y compulsividad (p=0,005); estas dos últimas fueron comparados versus los que estudiaban en la costa. Conclusión: Se encontró gran frecuencia de algunos trastornos, así como algunos factores asociados, lo que puede ser útil como análisis situacional, lo que debería generar mayores trabajos en la materia.

Introduction: The disorders of the mental sphere are increasingly frequent, these should be measured in students who are under great pressure and according to the place of influence. Objectives: To determine the characteristics and factors associated with disorders of the mental sphere in medical students of the coast, mountains and Peruvian jungle. Methodology: A preliminary analytical cross-sectional study was carried out, through the application of the Millon Multiaxial Clinical Inventory (MCMI-II), to 105 students, said survey measured the different disorders of the mental sphere; to which they were associated with socio-educational variables. Results: Large percentages of respondents had compulsivity (29%) and high narcissism (28%). In the multivariate analysis it was found that women had a lower frequency of schizoid disorder (p = 0.027); as age increased there was also a higher frequency of avoidance disorders (p = 0.049) and anxiety (p = 0.043); the higher the academic year, the lower the frequency of dilution disorder (p = 0.010); the students of the Universidad de la Sierra had more narcissism (p = 0.011), compulsivity (p = 0.018) and paranoid (p = 0.041); the students of the jungle university had more aggressive-sadistic (p = 0.021), narcissism (p = 0.020) and compulsivity (p = 0.005); These last two were compared versus those studying on the coast. Conclussion: We found a high frequency of some disorders, as well as some associated factors, which can be useful as a situational analysis, which should generate more work in the field.

Rasgos de personalidad del grupo C y trastorno por déficit de atención en estudiantes de medicina: estudio transversal analítico

Background: Attentional deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults is associated with borderline personality characteristics or cluster B (emotional instability), but in certain populations, such as medical students, it might be associated with cluster C traits (perfectionism, dependency, anxiety). This may be compensatory to ADHD. Aim: To analyze the association between ADHD and cluster C personality traits in medical students. Material and Methods: Biodemographic characteristics, the presence of ADHD and personality traits according to clusters A, B and C were evaluated in medical students. These characteristics were compared between students with unlikely diagnosis of ADHD (Group 1) and likely or very likely diagnosis of ADHD (Group 2). Results: We included 336 participants (44% women). A likely or very likely diagnosis of ADHD was present in 64% (Group 2). Concerning personality traits, 45% exhibited traits of cluster A, 57% of cluster B, and 67% of cluster C. Compared to their counterparts of Group 1, participants in Group 2 were more likely to have a history of psychiatric/psychological care, previous diagnosis of ADHD and traits of cluster B (37 and 68% respectively) and C (55 and 74% respectively). The odds ratio of having A, B or C traits when a likely or very likely ADHD was present, were 1.29 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.8-2.07], 3.79 95% CI [2.3-6.22] and 2.4 95% CI [1.46-3.96], respectively. Conclusions: Cluster C personality traits were frequent among medical students and were significantly associated with ADHD.

Correlación entre personalidad patológica y conducta delictiva en población penitenciaria / Correlation between Pathological Personality and Criminal Behavior in Prison Population

Resumen Estudio no experimental, de tipo descriptivo-correlacional, cuyo objetivo fue determinar la relación existente entre los patrones de personalidad patológica y la conducta delictiva, en 127 participantes hombres, con rango de edad entre 20 y 59 años y pertenecientes a un centro penitenciario de Colombia; a partir de la aplicación del Inventario Clínico Multiaxial de Millon-iii(mcmi-iii), en su adaptación española y la revisión de la tipología de la conducta delictiva, establecida en el Código Penal Colombiano. Los resultados a partir del coeficiente de correlación eta indicaron una correlación significativa, entre los patrones patológicos compulsivo (.67), autodestructivo (.66), y evitativo (.64), con la conducta delictiva. Adicionalmente, se determinó que el 44.6% puntuó en más de dos escalas; los patrones clínicos narcisista y compulsivo, la patología grave de la personalidad paranoide, el síndrome clínico bipolar y el síndrome clínico grave de trastorno delirante se identificaron como los más prevalentes y se discutió su relación de acuerdo al tipo de delito.

Abstract The aim of this non-experimental, descriptive-correlational study was to determine the relation between patterns of pathological personality and criminal behavior among 127 male participants aged between 20 and 59 and incarcerated in a Colombian correctional facility by applying the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (mcmi-iii) in its Spanish version and reviwing the typology of the criminal conduct stipulated in the Colombian Criminal Code. The results from the etacorrelation coefficient indicated a significant correlation between the compulsive (.67), self-destructive (.66), and avoidant (.64) pathological patterns with criminal behavior. Additionally, it was determined that 44.6% fell under more than two scales; narcissistic and compulsive clinical patterns, severe pathology of paranoid personality, bipolar clinical syndrome, and severe clinical syndrome of delusional disorder were identified as the most prevalent and their relation was discussed according to the type of crime.

Inventario de Personalidad para el DSM-5: propiedades psicométricas en población argentina. Estudio preliminar / Personality Inventory for the DSM-5: Psychometric Properties in Argentine Population. Preliminary Study

Resumen El DSM-5 presenta un modelo dimensional alternativo para los trastornos de personalidad, que incluye rasgos patológicos organizados en cinco grandes áreas: Desapego, Afectividad Negativa, Psicoticismo, Antagonismo y Desinhibición. Para evaluar dicho modelo, se desarrolló el Personality Inventory for DSM-5. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar las propiedades psicométricas de una versión adaptada del instrumento a población argentina. Se trabajó con una muestra no probabilística de 393 sujetos de población general. Se administró la versión adaptada del Personality Inventory for DSM-5 junto con el Listado de Adjetivos para Evaluar Personalidad, una medida de los cinco rasgos del modelo de los Grandes Factores de Personalidad (Amabilidad, Responsabilidad, Extraversión, Neuroticismo y Apertura a la experiencia), equivalentes normales de los rasgos patológicos del modelo alternativo. Los resultados mostraron propiedades psicométricas satisfactorias. La versión argentina del Inventario mostró una estructura de cinco factores similar a la original, con niveles adecuados de consistencia interna e ítems con buenos índices de discriminación. Se observaron diferencias por género y edad. Los hombres puntuaron más alto en Antagonismo, Psicoticismo y Desapego, y las mujeres en Afectividad Negativa. Los jóvenes puntuaron más alto en todas las escalas salvo en Desapego. Por último, se encontraron correlaciones significativas con los cinco factores correspondientes del modelo de los "cinco grandes" (ej., entre Afectividad Negativa y Neuroticismo). Los resultados brindan evidencia preliminar de validez y confiabilidad para la versión local del instrumento, y se espera que sirvan como base para su posterior perfeccionamiento, para ser implementado en tareas clínicas como de investigación.

Abstract The DSM-5 presents an alternative dimensional model for personality disorders, which includes pathological traits organized in five major areas: Detachment, Negative affectivity, Psychoticism, Antagonism and Disinhibition. To evaluate this model, the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) was developed. However, it is unknown how the PID-5 would work adapted to our context. On the other hand, the PID-5 suffers from various limitations (e.g., not all facets are represented in the brief version, affecting the construct validity). The objective of this paper was to study the psychometric properties of an adapted version of the PID-5 to the Argentine population. We worked with a non-probabilistic sample of 393 subjects from the general population. The adapted version of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 was administered together with the Adjectives Checklist to Assess the Big Five Personality Factors (AEP), a measure of the five traits of Big Five Model, normal equivalents of the pathological traits of the alternative model. The following data analyzes were performed: a) Exploratory Factor Analysis to evaluate the internal structure of PID-5; b) reliability analysis to assess the internal consistency of the different scales of the PID-5; c) item analysis to assess discriminating power; d) bivariate correlation analysis to analyze the relationship between PID-5 scores and the AEP; e) multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) to analyze significant differences due to gender, age, and possible interaction effects. Results indicated satisfactory psychometric properties. The Argentinean version of the PID-5 showed a five-factor structure similar to the original, with adequate levels of internal consistency and good discrimination indices. Regarding gender, men scored higher in Antagonism, Psychoticism and Detachment, and the effect size was significant although weak. On the other hand, women scored higher in negative affectivity, but the differences were not significant. Regarding age, young people presented higher scores than adults at all scales except in Detachment, and the effect size was significant although weak. Finally, significant relationships were found with the five factors of the big five model (e.g., strong and positive correlation between Negative Affectivity and Neuroticism; moderate and negative correlations between Detachment and Extraversion, and between Disinhibition and Conscientiousness). Additionally, other high correlations were found (e.g., between Agreeableness and Detachment; Conscientiousness and Psychoticism; Neuroticism and Disinhibition). These results are in line with those found in previous studies. Finally, moderate correlations were found between PID-5 scales (e.g., Disinhibition and Antagonism; Negative Affectivity and Disinhibition; Psychoticism and Disinhibition; and Detachment and Negative Affectivity). These correlations would imply the existence of some higher order factor that would cover the dimensions of the model. Although the results found are acceptable, this study has some limitations. First, we worked with general population, and in future work it would be important to administer the instrument in clinical samples. Second, the Antagonism scale was left with only 4 items, which may affect the construct validity of the instrument. In this regard, it would be convenient to add new items, not only on this scale, to obtain a final version with an intermediate length between 25 and 220 items of the two versions of the original scale. A version of approximately 60 items may be a good solution, that includes both the different facets of the model as well as time constraints if the instrument is pretended to be used within a diagnostic battery. Beyond these limitations, the present study provides preliminary evidence of validity and reliability for the adapted version of the PID 5, and could be a start point for its deepening and improvement to be implemented in clinical and research tasks.

Funcionamento patológico da personalidade para predição da depressão, qualidade de vida e esperança / Pathological functioning of personality for prediction of depression, quality of life and hope

Estudos prévios apontam que níveis de funcionamentos patológico da personalidade (FPP) se associam com maior presença de sintomas depressivos, baixa qualidade de vida e esperança. Entretanto, não foram observados estudos utilizando conjuntamente essas três variáveis em um modelo focado no FPP. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a capacidade preditiva dos níveis de FPP sobre qualidade de vida (QV), esperança e depressão. Participaram 475 sujeitos com idade entre 18 a 70 anos e em sua maioria mulheres (81,1%), que responderam aos seguintes instrumentos: Inventário Dimensional Clínico versão triagem (IDCP-triagem), Escala Baptista de depressão versão triagem (EBADEP-A-triagem), WHOQOL-Bref e Escala de Esperança de Herth (EEH). Por meio da modelagem de equações estruturais, indicadores de depressão foram positivamente preditos pelo FPP, enquanto os de QV e esperança foram negativamente preditos, tal qual as hipóteses do estudo. Estes achados demonstram a alta capacidade preditiva do FPP sobre depressão, QV e esperança. Na clínica, ao observar perfil que combine estas características pode ser indicado a necessidade da avaliação dos aspectos patológicos da personalidade.

Previous studies suggest that more severe levels of personality (i.e., personality pathological functioning ­ PPF) are associated to the presence of depressive symptoms, low quality of life, and hope. However, we could not find publications using at the same time these three variables in a model focused on the FPP. The aim of this study was to verify the predictive capacity of the levels of pathological personality functioning (PPF) on quality of life (QL), hope and depression. Participants were 475 subjects, aged between 18 and 70 years, mostly women (81.1%), who responded to the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory screening version (IDCP-screening), Baptista Depression Rating Scale (EBADEP-A-screening), WHOQOL-Bref, and Herth Hope Scale (EEH). Through the structural equation modeling, depression indicators were positively predicted by PPF, while those of QL and hope were negatively predicted, according to the study's hypothesis. These findings demonstrate the high predictive capacity of the PPF on depression, QL, and hope. We conclude that clinicians should consider to assess pathological aspects of the personality when observing a profile that combines high levels of depression and low levels of QL and hope.

Development of the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory - avoidant version based on the HiTOP / Desenvolvimento do Inventário Dimensional Clínico da Personalidade - versão evitativo baseado no HiTOP / Desarrollo del Inventario Dimensional Clínico de la Personalidad - versión evitativa basada en el HiTOP

This study aimed to develop a specific version of the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory 2 (IDCP-2), focused on the assessment of avoidant personality disorder (AvPD) according to the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP). First, we developed the IDCP-Av, composed of one new factor and four factors from the IDCP-2. A total of 436 adults completed this, and two external measures (PID-5 and FFAvA). The IDCP-Av factors and its total score presented high reliability. Correlations and group comparisons were coherent, corroborating expectations. Favorable evidence was observed for the use of the IDCP-Av for the measurement of AvPD, although future studies should replicate the findings in samples composed of patients.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver uma versão específica do Inventário Dimensional Clínico da Personalidade 2 (IDCP-2), focada na avaliação do transtorno da personalidade evitativo (TPE) de acordo com o Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP). Primeiro foi desenvolvido o IDCP-Av, composto por um novo fator e quatro fatores do IDCP-2. 436 adultos responderam-no, além de medidas externas (PID-5 e FFAvA). Os fatores do IDCP-Av e o escore total apresentaram alta precisão. Correlações e comparações entre grupos foram coerentes e corroboraram as expectativas. Evidências favoráveis foram observadas para o uso do IDCP-Av para avaliação do TPE, embora futuros estudos devem tentar replicar os achados em amostras compostas por pacientes.(AU)

El objetivo de este estudio fue desarrollar una versión específica del Inventario Dimensional Clínico de la Personalidad 2 (IDCP-2), centrado en la evaluación del trastorno de la personalidad evitativa (TPE) de acuerdo con el Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP). Primeramente se desarrolló el IDCP-Av, compuesto por un nuevo factor y por cuatro factores del IDCP-2. 436 adultos lo contestaron juntamente con medidas externas (PID-5 y FFAvA). Los factores IDCP-Av y su puntuación total presentaron una alta fiabilidad. Las correlaciones y las comparaciones de los grupos fueron coherentes, corroborando con las expectativas. Se observaron evidencias favorables para el uso del AvPD-Av para evaluar el TPE. Sin embargo, estudios posteriores deberían replicar los hallazgos presentes en muestras compuestas por pacientes.(AU)

Pathological personality as predictor of work engagement, job satisfaction, and burnout in a community sample / Indicador de personalidade patológica como preditor do engajamento, satisfação no trabalho e burnout em uma amostra da população geral / Indicador de personalidad patológica como predictor del compromiso laboral, satisfacción laboral y agotamiento en una muestra comunitaria

The aim of the study was to verify the predictive capacity of the indicator of pathological personality (IPP) regarding work engagement, job satisfaction, and burnout. A total of 228 Brazilian workers answered the IDCP-SV, EEGT, EST, and MBI-HSS. Structural Equation Modeling was used to predict work engagement, job satisfaction, and burnout using the IPP. The results showed that the IPP can negatively predict work engagement and job satisfaction, and positively predict burnout. We observed that workers with high levels of pathological personality functioning are less engaged and satisfied with work and present higher levels of burnout, as hypothesized in this study. The findings indicate the importance of evaluating personality traits, especially pathological traits, in hiring processes and in promoting well-being at work.

O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a capacidade preditiva do indicador de personalidade patológica (IPP) sobre engajamento no trabalho, satisfação com o trabalho e burnout. Participaram 228 trabalhadores brasileiros, os quais responderam o IDCP-SV, o EEGT, a EST e o MBI-HSS. Foi utilizada a Modelagem de Equações Estruturais para predição do engajamento no trabalho, satisfação com o trabalho e burnout pelo IPP. Os resultados demonstraram que o IPP é capaz de predizer negativamente o engajamento no trabalho e a satisfação com o trabalho, e positivamente o burnout. Foi observado que trabalhadores com níveis elevados de funcionamento patológico de personalidade são menos engajados e satisfeitos com o trabalho e apresentam maiores níveis de burnout, tal qual hipotetizado. Os achados indicam a importância de se realizar avaliações de traços da personalidade, em especial os patológicos, em processos de contratação de funcionários e para a promoção de bem-estar no trabalho.

El objetivo del estudio fue verificar la capacidad predictiva del indicador de personalidad patológica (IPP) en el compromiso laboral, la satisfacción laboral y el agotamiento. Un total de 228 trabajadores brasileños respondieron a IDCP-SV, EEGT, EST y MBI-HSS. El IPP utilizó el modelo de ecuación estructural para predecir el compromiso laboral, la satisfacción laboral y el agotamiento. Los resultados mostraron que el IPP puede predecir negativamente el compromiso laboral y la satisfacción laboral, y predecir positivamente el agotamiento. Observamos que los trabajadores con altos niveles de funcionamiento patológico de la personalidad están menos comprometidos y satisfechos con el trabajo y presentan niveles más altos de agotamiento, como se presume en este estudio. Los hallazgos indican la importancia de evaluar los rasgos de personalidad, especialmente los rasgos patológicos, en los procesos de contratación y en la promoción del bienestar en el trabajo.